ABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution that is estimated to infect one third of the world’s human population. This study was a comparison of ELISA and rapid Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Eight hundred patients grouped in four categories from three Health Care Centres were randomly sampled after due ethical approval was obtained. Samples were analysed using Toxo IgG-IgM rapid test (ICT) and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Socio Demo graphic Data were obtained using well-structured questionnaires. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis based on ICT was 28.1% while that of ELISA was 34.5% both significant (P < 0.05) with a relative risk of 0.815. The diagnostic parameters of ICT versus ELISA IgG were sensitively 46.7% specificity 81.7% positive predictive value (PPV) 57.3%, Negative predictive value (NPV) 74.4with a diagnostic efficiencyof 69.6%Cohen Kappas indicate good to moderate agreement between the two tests for detecting IgG. Although ELISA is the gold standard for diagnosing toxoplasmosis,ICT being less expensive, faster with high specificity and good diagnostic efficiency indetecting IgG is recommended as a preliminary screening tool for diagnosing toxoplasmosis in remote areas and facilities because ELISAislaborious, expensive and not readily available
ABSTRACT
O diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A (HAV) através de testes de alta sensibilidade e especificidade pode levar um diagnóstico mais precoce e mais preciso,melhorando o prognóstico da doença. Deve também ser mencionado que um diagnóstico mais preciso pode tornar estudos epidemiológicos mais confiáveis e servir de base para a produção de programas de controle e erradicação mais efetivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização de um teste imunocromatográfico em surtos e estudos epidemiológicos de prevalência, triagem de candidatos para programas de vacinação e detecção de resposta imunológica pós-vacinação. Para este fim, 342 amostras provenientes de quatro grupos diferentes foram analisadas: (I) amostras de doadores de sangue (n= 96), (II) amostras de indivíduos vacinados contra a hepatite A (n= 46), amostras de surtos de hepatite A (III) (n=103) e (IV) amostras de casos esporádicos de hepatite A (n= 97). Estas amostras foram submetidas ao teste rápido SD BIOLINE HAV IgG/IgM e todos os resultados do teste rápido foram comparados com os resultados do ensaio imunoenzimático para HAV (EIA), que é o padrão ouro para detectar anticorpos contra o HAV...
The diagnosis of infection by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) through high sensitivity andspecificity tests can lead an earlier and more accurate diagnosis, improving the prognosis ofthe disease. It should also be mentioned that a more precise diagnosis can become morereliable epidemiological studies and as a basis for the production of more effective controland eradication programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate an immunochromatographictest in outbreaks and epidemiological studies of prevalence, screening candidates forvaccination and post-vaccination surveillance programs. For this purpose, 342 samples frompatients of four different groups were analyzed: (I) samples from blood donors (n=96), (II)samples from individuals vaccinated for hepatitis A (n=46), (III) samples from hepatitis Aoutbreaks (n=103) and (IV) samples from sporadic cases of hepatitis A (n=97). These sampleswere submitted to the rapid test SD BIOLINE HAV IgG/IgM and all results of the rapid testwere compared to the results of HAV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that is the gold standard todetect antibodies against HAV. The results obtained for the group I showed that, 33.3%(32/96) were positive for anti-HAV IgG using the rapid test and 67.7% (65/96) were positivefor IgG anti-HAV by EIA. At group II, 71.7% (33/46) of the samples were positive for antiHAVIgG by EIA and none of them (0/33) was reactive by rapid test. Groups III and IV weretested for the presence of anti-HAV IgG and anti-HAV IgM antibodies...